Planet found in habitable zone around red dwarf 20 light years away

Astronomers have discovered a potentially habitable planet of similar size to Earth in orbit around a nearby star.
A team of planet hunters spotted the alien world circling a red dwarf star called Gliese 581, 20 light years away.
The planet is in the "Goldilocks zone" of space around a star where surface temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water to form.
"Our findings offer a very compelling case for a potentially habitable planet," said Steven Vogt, an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz. "The fact that we were able to detect this planet so quickly and so nearby tells us that planets like this must be really common."
If confirmed, the planet would be the most Earth-like that has ever been discovered in another solar system and the first strong contender for a habitable one.
More than 400 exoplanets have been discovered by astronomers, but most are gas giants, like Jupiter, that would be inhospitable to life as we know it.
Astronomers used the Keck telescope in Hawaii to study the movement of Gliese 581 in exquisite detail and from their observations inferred the presence of a number of orbiting planets. The team report two new planets in the Astrophysical Journal, bringing the total number known to be circling the star to six.
One of the planets, named Gliese 581g, has a mass of three to four times that of Earth and takes 37 days to orbit the star. Astronomers believe it is a rocky planet with enough gravity to retain an atmosphere.
Unlike the previously discovered planets, Gliese 581g lies squarely in the region of space were life can thrive. "We had planets on both sides of the habitable zone — one too hot and one too cold — and now we have one in the middle that's just right," Vogt said.
One side of the planet is always facing the star, much as one side of the moon constantly faces Earth. This means that the far side of the planet is constantly in darkness. The most habitable region of the planet would be the line between the light and dark regions.
"Any emerging life forms would have a wide range of stable climates to choose from and to evolve around, depending on their longitude," Vogt said.
The average temperature on the planet is estimated to be between -31 to -12C, but the ground temperature would vary from blazing hot on the bright side and freezing on the dark side.
"The number of systems with potentially habitable planets is probably on the order of 10 or 20 percent, and when you multiply that by the hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, that's a large number. There could be tens of billions of these systems in our galaxy," said Vogt.
Source
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/sep/29/earth-like-planet-gliese-581g
Enlightened Atheist, Gaming God.
- Login to post comments
I think it is great that we study the universe because it can help us solve problems here on earth. But I think the best we will ever do is discover life elsewhere, probably on a bacteria scale even within our own system. I doubt however much we improve space flight it will ever be possible to physically get humans to these far places.
If there were to be human like intelligence it would be stuck with the same laws of physics and mass and distance we have here.
But at the same time we should expect to see life elsewhere merely because of the shear amount of galaxies which have a shear amount of stars and thus planets in the "Goldie locks" zone.
I think scientists should study space and improve space flight, but I think far more pressing at this point is pollution and disease and the global tribalism that divides us from focusing on the practical issues that affect all of humanity.
I think it would be important to develop a meteor defense system. I think the reality is that we are stuck here and though while studying the universe and space helps, I don't think we should delude ourselves into thinking physically traveling outside our solar system is possible. Protecting our planet should be our focus.
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
Good stuff.
I am "Sagian" when it comes to space travel. As a species, if we are to survive and ultimately evolve, then there is an imperative to move beyond our own planet and ultimately solar system. Finding other habitable planets is part of that, and I hope will inspire future generations to reach for these planets. Right now though, it looks like we're stuck here for now....
“Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid.”
Probably Gliese 581 d or Gliese 581 e.
Allow me to explain. Astronomers have several lists of stuff to look at which are grouped by what type of object any given astronomer is interested in. In this case, we have the Gliese catalog in mind here. Now that work has been through a few revisions over the years but the current version is a list of the stars which are within 75 light years of earth. Basically, it is the fact that they are fairly close by that makes them of interest. Currently, there are just over 1500 entries on the list.
One in particular is Gliese 581 which is 20 ly out. It has been shown to have several planets in what is known as the “Goldilocks zone” where conditions would be neither too hot nor too cold for life to potentially develop. Of the eight known planets, there are four (c,d, e, g) which have turned out to be similar in size to earth and in the right range of possible orbits to hit the Goldilocks zone.
Gliese 581 c has turned out to be a good deal similar to Venus. It is probably subject to a full greenhouse effect. Gliese 581 d was also considered as a potential place for life but it now appears that it is probably just outside the edge of the Goldilocks zone and thus is probably much like Mars.
Gliese 581 e was announced as having been discovered about a year and a half ago. The thing being that it is much too close to the star to have a chance at having life as we know it.
Now we are on to Gliese 581 g. Honestly, the announcement is so new that I would not start shouting from the roof tops just yet. It appears to be tidally locked to the star, so one side is always facing the star. That side would be blistering hot and the other side would be freezing cold. If there is life there, it will have to form in a narrow band right on the edge of the day night line.
=
Our scientists are flirting with two different planets, wait until Jerry Springer catches wind of this.
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
20 lightyears is not far away. Even with today's technology we could get a probe there. It would just take awhile.
Enlightened Atheist, Gaming God.
This is so cool. I want to research this some more. I was a science freak in middle/high school and this site is bringing all of that back for me. Wouldn't that be some shit if in fact they did find some form of life there? Or another planet that actually does.
If all the Christians who have called other Christians " not really a Christian " were to vanish, there'd be no Christians left.
I hate to put a damper on your day, but it took 30 some odd years for our deepest probe to get to the edge of our solar system.
I do not see that happening. Not only that you would have to figure some way to speed up the data transfere because the futher away the longer it takes because there is a max rate that data can travel and most certainly not the speed of light, much less the craft itself, even if unmanned.
"a while" would be impractical and the lagistics would also involve breakdowns or innerferance or space junk hitting it. Just like driving a car, the more you are on the road the more wear and tear and the more odds of getting into an accident.
How would you suggest we get a probe 120 trillion miles and how much fuel would it take?. It would need fuel to oporate the motion and data collectors. It would need to avoid all potential hazzards on the way. And how fast would it have to go to make this trip practical, because the speed of light is appx 6 trillion miles in one year. What is the fastest man made object we have built and how close can we come to the speed of light because with speed mass increases.
I think while observing and studying space, we need to look for meteors that might hit us and work on a meteor defense system. I think we are stuck on this island and the only closely practical thing to get us off would be to colonize Mars.
I see no practical reason why humans should even hope to physically get out of our solar system beyond an unmanned probe. But even a mere probe going that far, 120 trillion miles seems impractical when a telescope for now is our best bet to look at it.
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
The crew of the Enterprise...
"Experiments are the only means of knowledge at our disposal. The rest is poetry, imagination." Max Planck
OK Brian, I really must burst your bubble on this one.
First off, the “speed of data”, oh well, I really have no idea where you got that from. Any meaningful data will come back on electromagnetic waves. They do certainly travel at the speed of light. So no, just no.
Second, the time that it would take for an unmanned probe to get there. This one is rather more complicated.
One thing that you need to know is that there is a very good reason why it takes many years for an unmanned probe to get to the outer planets. Money.
Basically, since it is an unmanned probe, we have no real need to invest the kind of cash that would be needed to get to the outer planets in a rather short time. So they are launched on the path to where they are going that will get them there with minimal amounts of fuel.
On the other hand, if we want to get manned space travel going around the solar system, that is doable but only for lots of money. Realistically, it should be feasible to go anywhere in the solar system in a couple of months but it would cost a great deal more.
As far as an unmanned probe to another solar system, again, who cares if it takes 40 years to get there. The grad students who monitor the launch will be in their 60's when it gets out there. Sure, that assumes that the probe travels at half the speed of light. However, that is not so hard for a small unmanned probe. Something the size of a large refrigerator would need power on the order of a couple of dozen of the solid rocket boosters used by the space shuttle to get to that speed in about half an hour.
=
I like to be corrected when wrong, so thanks.
Ok, I learn something new every day. But again as far as the distance it is not just a mater of money, but distance. Do you really think even unmanned we can send an object 120 trillion miles? How fast would this object have to be able to go? If data can go the speed of light, if only 10 light years, if it managed to get half distance it would take 10 years just for the data to get back, and if something went wrong we wouldn't be able to correct the problem, much less 20 light years.
Again, I don't think it is just about money. I think distance is a pain in the ass and I don't think humans will ever physically travel outside our solar system. I am not being pessimistic. I am simply saying that I think we should focus locally on travel and trying to find bacterial life elsewhere, but I do not think we will ever travel to another star on a manned space craft.
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
Assumes it goes half the speed of light. It also assumes it wont hit space dust and break up a that speed. Even the space shuttle falling around the earth at a fraction of that speed has to worry about an object as small as sand hitting it. I'd say 120 trillion miles of void doesn't mean the probe wont hit something along the way. space is not empty just because it is called space.
And then you have the problem of slowing the object down. A lot like a oil tanker ship has to slow down miles and miles before it gets to port. How would you slow down an object going half the speed of light?
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
I think you should keep up with science breakthroughs. In the last 5 to 10 years every probe we send out is dozens or thousands of times faster than Voyager.
Enlightened Atheist, Gaming God.
In an absolute sense? Nobody can say yes or no to that right now. We know what the challenges are for the most part. However, it is within the realm of the conceivable that it could happen one day.
How long would you like it to take getting there? Really, that part is high school algebra.
OK, 10 light years or 20 light years is really not all that important. Once the probe is far enough out that it will take pretty much any amount of time for data to come back, then we are potentially in a pickle.
Actually, the last that I heard, one of the Mars rovers was stuck on the edge of a ditch. It is currently taking about 20 minutes for signals to get out there and just as long for the results to come back. Imagine having to get your car out of the mud but you are only allowed three seconds of activity per hour and you see what the engineers are dealing with.
For a real interstellar probe, there will come a point where we will just have to throw it out there and hope that it gets through.
OK, I was using the term money as much metaphorically as really. Sure, there are things that are not solved by just throwing money at them.
Yah, I was talking about an unmanned probe like we already have dozens of flitting around the solar system. Just engineered for a different role.
Actually, yes you are. And that is fully appropriate. Remember that pessimists told NASA not to launch the Challenger that early in the morning. Had they waited a couple of hours, the launch would have gone off fine (but they would have had to recalculate the trajectory to reach the ISS).
Looking to the future, I am not talking about a trivial task by any means. This will be expensive and complicated even with a strong industrial presence in space. We should not be trying something like this without being able to answer the pessimistic views.
OK, manned travel is a whole other game. That much being said, I hesitate to project a thousand years in the future but the basic ideas of how to do that have already been worked out. Is it impossible today? Of course. Will it always be impossible? Well, nobody can say for sure but we do have some good ideas in the table.
=
I hate to be the stick in the mud. And believe me, I would love to live long enough, even though I wont, to be proven wrong. But the redundancy needed, the hazards a vehicle would face, and the shear distance seem far to impractical at this moment.
Again, for right now I am fine with building telescopes. I am fine with sending probes to local bodies. I wish we would work on a meteor defense system. But I also wish we would work on global planning as far as population and pollution. And work on getting off fossil fuels.
I love the scientists mindset in thinking "what ifs" because they are pragmatic dreaming and not superstitious dreaming. However, we also don't want to end up on alchemy roads or Transporter roads either. I think it would be great if we could get off this rock and find other places to live, but I do not think that will ever be possible, unless it is something like Mars. But even with something that close, it would require our species to get it's collective head out of its ass and get it's priorities in order.
"We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers."Obama
Check out my poetry here on Rational Responders Like my poetry thread on Facebook under Brian James Rational Poet, @Brianrrs37 on Twitter and my blog at www.brianjamesrationalpoet.blog
I never heard of a space probe going 12 times faster than voyager. The helios 2 probe set the speed record for fastest spacecraft and that was only 4 times faster. It would take 300,000 years conservatively to send a probe 20 light years if it is possible.
There are twists of time and space, of vision and reality, which only a dreamer can divine
H.P. Lovecraft
It's just bizarre that humans should be so fucking stupid that instead of taking care of the planet they live on they have to fantasise about running away to another plabnet even tho' this one isn't completely screwed yet. It's hard to believe.
I love the idea of another life supporting planet and alien life but this narrow goldilocks zone thing sounds a real pain in the arse to me.
"Experiments are the only means of knowledge at our disposal. The rest is poetry, imagination." Max Planck
It's easier to fantasize then deal with reality. To dream of a beautiful future rather then deal with our present mistakes.
edit: I need to stop being so pessimistic. Things aren't really all that bad.
Gliese 581 e, yes that's the one I read about.
Thank you for the lesson, very interesting!
Regarding the discussion on feasible travel to one of these far away places, how conceivable do you think manned travel with some sort of cryogenic or other sci-fi like concept is?
Nothing is true, everything is permitted...
Ah, manned travel to another star system. That one is quite interesting.
The fact is that there are a number of ideas out there that could possibly work. Which one ends up being the one that we go with is the real deal.
I don't think that cryogenic freezing is likely to work. It has been experimented with and the problems that come up are, if not insurmountable, at least harder to deal with than known technology.
One idea is that we could use nanotech to make machines that can assemble critters (including humans) from information stored in computers. In that case, star ships can travel at fairly slow speeds. Why worry about the speed if the deal is that it gets there eventually?
See the Cold Fire trilogy by C. S. Freidman for an interesting take, not on the travel aspect but on what happens to the settlers of one planet that, well, has issues of a most interesting sort.
The other idea that might have some viability is the idea of building star ships the size of a small city. They need to take about a thousand people and similar amounts of livestock to assure genetic viability at the other end.
Now the power source to run such a ship is going to be awesome beyond current technology. However, if we posit the idea that it takes twenty years to build such a ship and we set up an “antimatter factory” that takes a similar amount of time to create the fuel, then we get to an interesting point.
Given the power source, such a ship could travel at a constant acceleration of, say 1g with a turnover half way to the destination. If you do that, then you get to leverage the really interesting power of relativity.
Take the case of going twenty light years as the example. It will take about ten years to get up to the speed where relativity effect get interesting. Then time dilation becomes something worth using.
It would take about eighty earth years to make that trip. However, it would be a bit less than twenty ship years. So one could load up the ship with college age people and they could have kids on the way over. The initial crew would even still be able to have kids when they get to the destination.
Time dilation is interesting far beyond that as well. The fact is that while it takes a while to build to a substantial level, once that happens, it really gets useful. At that point, you can pretty much stop worrying about earth time and just deal with ship time. The fact is that it will take twenty years to go a short distance of twenty light years but not a whole lot more to go any longer distance. Just for grins, I ran the calculation and it will take thirty years to go across the whole galaxy (a bit over 100,000 light years).
See the novel “Variable Star” by Robert A. Heinlein and Spider Robinson for a good treatment on the life of people living on such a ship.
=
Since this is about science fiction now, I'd like to recommend a short story by Philip K. Dick that was published in an issue of Playboy magazine. Entitled "I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon" it is about a man cryogenically frozen for a ten year trip to another planet. The fair use clause in copyright law allows the reproduction of an excerpt from this story.
There are twists of time and space, of vision and reality, which only a dreamer can divine
H.P. Lovecraft